modul 10 / 15
Allofona tushunchasi
Pozitsion shartlanish, akustik variantlar, komplementar taqsimot.
The Notion of Allophone in English
Ma’ruza
10 slayd · istalgan inglizcha so‘zni bosib talaffuzini eshitishingiz mumkin
slayd 1
[ ]
[ ]
· ·
slayd 2
02
— .
/p/
[pʰ] [p]
/p/
[pʰ]
[p˭]
[p̚]
slayd 3
03
— .
: /p/
[pʰ]
—
[p˭]
/s/ —
[p̚]
—
— , .
: /t/
[t]
— [kæt]
[t̚]
— [kæt̚]
[ʔ]
— [kæʔ]
slayd 4
04
: /p t k/
—
/p/
[pʰ]
[pʰɪn]
[p˭]
( /s/)
[sp˭ɪn]
/t/
[tʰ]
[tʰæn]
[t˭]
( /s/)
[st˭æn]
/k/
[kʰ]
[kʰæt]
[k˭]
( /s/)
[sk˭æt]
slayd 5
05
/l/ :
—
/l/ → [l]
/j/
'
: [liːf], [laɪt], [bluː]
/l/ → [ɫ]
()
'
: [ɫ]
: [fʊɫ], [mɪɫk], [bɔːɫ]
slayd 6
/r/
/r/
[r]
/ — (): ,
[ɹ]
— : ,
[r̥]
— : ,
—
[m]
— : ,
[n]
— ; : ,
[ŋ]
— : [ˈɪŋkʌm],
[ɱ]
— /f v/: ,
slayd 7
07
—
/p t k/ → [pʰ tʰ kʰ] / __ [+ ]
.. [pʰɪn], [kʰæt]
/n/ → [m] / __ []
/n/ → [ŋ] / __ [velar]
.. ,
/l/ → [ɫ] / [ ] __
.. [fʊɫ], [mɪɫk]
/V/ → [Vː] / __ [+ ]
.. [bæt] [bæːd]
slayd 8
08
≠
( ).
—
, .
/p/ /b/ () —
/pɪn/
→
/bɪn/
/pæt/
→
/bæt/
[pʰ] [p˭] () —
[pʰɪn]
↔
[p˭ɪn]
' —
slayd 9
09
/p t k/
[pʰ] [p˭] [p̚]
/ /s/ /
/l/
[l] [ɫ]
/
/r/
[ɹ] [r̥] [r]
/ /
/n/
[n] [m] [ŋ] [ɱ]
///
/t/
[t] [t̚] [ʔ]
//
slayd 10
[ ]
. — /p/, /l/, /t/, /n/ — , . , , .