Fonetika va fonologiya farqi

Ma’ruza

10 slayd · istalgan inglizcha so‘zni bosib talaffuzini eshitishingiz mumkin

1. slayd 1

   LINGUISTICS · LANGUAGE SCIENCE

   Phonetics

   vs

   Phonology

   Understanding the Two Pillars of Speech Science

2. slayd 2

   VS

   PHONETICS

   The physical

   science of speech

   sounds

   PHONOLOGY

   The mental

   organization of

   speech sounds

   Two Distinct — Yet Complementary — Disciplines

3. slayd 3

   🔊

   What is Phonetics?

   Studies physical properties of sounds

   Covers articulation, acoustics & perception

   Language-independent — universal

   "The science of speech sounds in all languages"

4. slayd 4

   Three Branches of Phonetics

   👄

   Articulatory

   How speech sounds are produced by the vocal tract

   〰️

   Acoustic

   Physical properties of sound waves in the air

   👂

   Auditory

   How listeners perceive and process speech sounds

5. slayd 5

   🧠

   MENTAL

   PATTERNS

   /p/ vs /b/

   /kæt/ → cat

   What is Phonology?

   Studies sound patterns in specific languages

   Deals with phonemes — abstract mental units

   Explains rules governing sound combinations

   "How sounds function as a system within language"

6. slayd 6

   Core Concepts

   [ ]

   PHONE

   A physical speech sound

   Measured & recorded

   Belongs to Phonetics

   / /

   PHONEME

   An abstract sound unit

   Distinguishes word meaning

   Belongs to Phonology

7. slayd 7

   A Real Example

   The Aspiration Example — English /p/

   "pin"

   [pʰɪn]

   Aspirated p

   Puff of air released

   → Phonetics notices this

   "spin"

   [spɪn]

   Unaspirated p

   No puff of air

   → Phonetics notices this

   Phonology: Both are the SAME phoneme /p/ — the difference doesn't change meaning

8. slayd 8

   Side-by-Side Comparison

   PHONETICS

   PHONOLOGY

   Focus

   Physical sounds

   Sound patterns & rules

   Scope

   Universal / all langs

   Language-specific

   Unit

   Phone [ ]

   Phoneme / /

   Question

   How is it said?

   What does it mean?

   Method

   Instrumental analysis

   Contrast & distribution

9. slayd 9

   How They Work Together

   👄

   Speaker

   Produces Sound

   📊

   Phonetics

   Describes It

   🧠

   Phonology

   Interprets It

   👂

   Listener

   Understands

   Neither discipline stands alone — each illuminates the other

10. slayd 10

    CONCLUSION

    Phonetics and Phonology are two essential lenses through which we study human speech. Phonetics examines the physical reality of sounds — how they are produced, transmitted, and heard. Phonology explores their abstract, mental dimension — how sounds form systems and carry meaning within a language. Together, they provide a complete scientific account of spoken language.

    Phonetics : Sound as Physics · Phonology : Sound as Meaning